Licensing Images for an Article

[alastair]

Hi there -

I'm writing a historical article which could do with some images to explain some points. The images I want to use are held by various institutions, who are willing to license their use for a fee.

I have two questions:

1) Who would pay that fee? Me as the writer, or the publication printing the article?
2) The licenses are dependent on the regions the images will be used in. How do you define the regions the images will be used in for a global publication? And what happens if the publication goes on to use them elsewhere, say online?

Many thanks.